Difference Between S1 and S2 Visas for China

The S1 and S2 visas are two types of Chinese visas designed for individuals visiting China for family reunification purposes. While both serve a similar purpose, there are important distinctions between them regarding the duration of stay, eligibility criteria, and application processes.

S1 Visa: The S1 visa is issued to individuals who intend to stay in China for more than 180 days due to family reunification reasons. This visa is typically granted to the spouses, parents, or children of foreigners working or studying in China. Upon arrival in China, holders of an S1 visa are required to apply for a residence permit within 30 days. The residence permit allows them to stay for the duration specified on the permit, which can extend up to the validity of the original visa.

Eligibility for S1 Visa:

1. Family Relationship: Applicants must be immediate family members (spouse, parents, or children under 18) of foreigners working or studying in China.
2. Proof of Relationship: Valid documentation proving the family relationship, such as marriage certificates or birth certificates, is required.
3. Invitation Letter: An invitation letter from the relative residing in China is necessary.
4. Additional Documents: Other documents such as passport copies and recent photos may be needed.

S2 Visa: The S2 visa, in contrast, is issued to individuals planning to visit China for short-term family reunification purposes, with a stay of up to 180 days. This visa is suitable for those who are visiting their relatives for a brief period and does not require the holder to apply for a residence permit upon arrival.

Eligibility for S2 Visa:

1. Family Relationship: Applicants must also be family members of foreigners working or studying in China but are limited to short-term visits.
2. Proof of Relationship: Similar documentation as required for the S1 visa is necessary.
3. Invitation Letter: An invitation letter from the relative residing in China is required.
4. Additional Documents: Passport copies, recent photos, and possibly a travel itinerary.

Key Differences:

1. Duration of Stay: The S1 visa allows for a stay exceeding 180 days, while the S2 visa permits stays of up to 180 days.
2. Residence Permit: S1 visa holders must apply for a residence permit within 30 days of arrival, whereas S2 visa holders do not need to obtain a residence permit.
3. Purpose and Duration: The S1 visa is for long-term stays, often related to relocation or extended family visits, while the S2 visa is for short-term visits.
4. Processing Time: The processing time for an S1 visa might be longer due to the additional requirement of obtaining a residence permit. The S2 visa, being for shorter visits, generally has a quicker processing time.

Application Process: Both visas require similar documentation, including proof of family relationship, an invitation letter from the resident in China, and personal identification documents. However, the S1 visa application may involve additional steps related to obtaining a residence permit after arrival.

Conclusion: In summary, the primary difference between the S1 and S2 visas lies in the length of stay permitted and the requirement for a residence permit. Choosing the appropriate visa depends on the intended duration of stay and the purpose of the visit to China. For long-term stays, the S1 visa is suitable, while the S2 visa caters to those needing a shorter visit.