Top Places to Visit in the Forbidden City
1. The Meridian Gate (午门)
As the largest gate in the Forbidden City, the Meridian Gate (Wumen) is the main entrance to the palace complex. It’s a striking structure with five arches, the central one of which was exclusively for the emperor. This gate leads directly to the Hall of Supreme Harmony, making it a perfect starting point for your tour. The gate also offers a stunning view of the Forbidden City’s layout, providing a sense of the grandeur and symmetry that characterizes the entire complex.
2. The Hall of Supreme Harmony (太和殿)
The Hall of Supreme Harmony, also known as Taihedian, is the most important and largest structure in the Forbidden City. This hall was used for major ceremonies such as the emperor’s enthronement, royal weddings, and significant state events. The hall’s magnificence is evident in its grand scale, intricate wooden carvings, and the ornate dragon throne that sits at its center. The hall is surrounded by a vast square that could hold tens of thousands of people, underscoring the emperor’s supreme authority.
3. The Hall of Central Harmony (中和殿) and The Hall of Preserving Harmony (保和殿)
Adjacent to the Hall of Supreme Harmony are the Hall of Central Harmony (Zhonghedian) and the Hall of Preserving Harmony (Baohedian). The Hall of Central Harmony was a place where the emperor could rest and prepare before ceremonies, while the Hall of Preserving Harmony was used for final imperial examinations. These halls, while smaller, are equally rich in history and showcase the ceremonial life of the emperor.
4. The Palace of Heavenly Purity (乾清宫)
The Palace of Heavenly Purity, or Qianqinggong, was the emperor’s residence. It is the largest of the Inner Court buildings and served as the living quarters for emperors during the Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty. The palace is notable for its austere yet grand design, which reflects the emperor’s authority. Visitors can view the emperor’s bedchamber and the throne where he met with officials. The palace also houses a secret study where the emperor could work undisturbed.
5. The Imperial Garden (御花园)
Located at the northernmost part of the Forbidden City, the Imperial Garden (Yuhuayuan) offers a stark contrast to the imposing architecture of the palace. The garden is a tranquil space filled with ancient trees, rockeries, pavilions, and flowerbeds. It was a private retreat for the emperor and his family, designed for relaxation and meditation. The garden’s layout is symbolic, with elements representing different aspects of traditional Chinese cosmology. The Pavilion of the Myriad Springtimes, located in the center of the garden, is particularly noteworthy for its intricate design and historical significance.
6. The Clock and Watch Gallery (钟表馆)
The Clock and Watch Gallery, located in the Hall for Ancestral Worship, is a must-visit for those interested in horology. The gallery houses a stunning collection of timepieces from around the world, many of which were gifts to the Chinese emperors from foreign dignitaries. The collection includes elaborate mechanical clocks, some of which are animated, showcasing the artistry and technological prowess of different cultures. The gallery offers a unique glimpse into the opulence of the Qing court and the global connections of the Chinese empire.
7. The Treasure Gallery (珍宝馆)
Situated in the northeastern corner of the Forbidden City, the Treasure Gallery (Zhenbaoguan) is home to some of the most precious artifacts of the imperial family. The gallery includes jade carvings, gold vessels, and ceremonial objects used by the emperors and empresses. One of the highlights is the collection of exquisite pieces from the Qing dynasty, including the famous jadeite cabbage. This gallery not only displays the wealth of the Chinese court but also provides insight into the cultural and religious life of the imperial family.
8. The Palace of Tranquil Longevity (宁寿宫)
The Palace of Tranquil Longevity, or Ningshougong, was built as a retirement residence for Emperor Qianlong. This section of the Forbidden City is less crowded than the central areas and offers a more intimate look at the private life of the emperor. The palace complex includes several buildings, gardens, and a theater. The Grand Theatre is one of the oldest surviving theaters in China and is still used for traditional Chinese opera performances.
9. The Hall of Mental Cultivation (养心殿)
The Hall of Mental Cultivation, or Yangxindian, became the de facto residence of the emperors during the later Qing dynasty. It is one of the most historically significant structures in the Forbidden City because it was here that Empress Dowager Cixi ruled China from behind a silk screen, effectively controlling the empire. The hall contains several rooms, including the emperor’s study and the Western Chamber, where Cixi held court.
10. The Nine Dragon Screen (九龙壁)
The Nine Dragon Screen, located near the Palace of Tranquil Longevity, is a masterpiece of Chinese art and architecture. This 3.5-meter-high, 29.4-meter-long screen is made of glazed tiles and depicts nine dragons playing in the clouds. It was built to protect the palace from evil spirits and is one of the three famous Nine Dragon Screens in China. The vibrant colors and detailed craftsmanship make it a favorite spot for visitors and photographers alike.
11. The East and West Glorious Gates (东华门, 西华门)
The East and West Glorious Gates (Donghuamen and Xihuamen) are two lesser-known but historically significant gates of the Forbidden City. These gates were primarily used by officials and servants entering and exiting the palace. Although they are less grand than the Meridian Gate, they provide a fascinating look at the everyday life of the imperial court. The East Glorious Gate now houses a museum dedicated to the history of the Forbidden City, offering exhibits that delve deeper into the stories behind the walls.
12. The Exhibition of Imperial Edicts (圣旨展览馆)
This exhibition, located in the Hall of Literary Glory, features a collection of imperial edicts and other important documents. These edicts were issued by the emperor to convey his decisions on matters of state, and they provide a valuable record of the governance of the Chinese empire. The exhibition also includes displays of calligraphy and paintings, highlighting the artistic achievements of the court. The Hall of Literary Glory itself is an architectural gem, with intricate wooden carvings and beautifully preserved interiors.
13. The Palace of Compassion and Tranquility (慈宁宫)
The Palace of Compassion and Tranquility, or Cininggong, was the residence of the empress dowagers and is one of the most well-preserved parts of the Forbidden City. This palace complex is quieter than the main halls and offers a glimpse into the private lives of the women who wielded significant power behind the scenes. The palace includes beautiful gardens, courtyards, and a small temple, making it a serene and reflective place to visit.
14. The Western Palaces (西六宫)
The Western Palaces, also known as the Six Western Palaces, were the residences of the imperial concubines. These buildings are smaller and more intimate than the main halls, with courtyards that reflect the daily lives of the women who lived there. The Western Palaces are now home to several exhibitions, including displays on the life of the concubines, their clothing, and their roles in the court. These palaces offer a different perspective on life in the Forbidden City, focusing on the personal and domestic aspects of the imperial family.
15. The Moat and the Corner Towers (护城河与角楼)
Surrounding the Forbidden City is a wide moat, which, along with the towering walls, provided security for the palace. The most iconic structures along the moat are the Corner Towers, one at each corner of the Forbidden City. These towers are masterpieces of traditional Chinese architecture, with their multi-eaved roofs and intricate designs. The towers are best viewed at sunset when the golden light creates a stunning reflection in the water. Walking along the moat offers a peaceful way to end your visit, providing a different perspective on the grandeur of the Forbidden City.
Conclusion
The Forbidden City is not just a symbol of China’s imperial past, but a treasure trove of art, history, and architecture. Each corner of this vast complex holds a story, offering visitors a unique glimpse into the lives of the emperors and their courts. Whether you’re interested in history, culture, or simply want to experience one of the world’s most impressive architectural achievements, the Forbidden City has something to offer. By exploring these top places within the Forbidden City, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation of China’s rich heritage and the enduring legacy of its imperial era.
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