What to Eat in Xi'an: A Culinary Guide to Ancient Chinese Cuisine
Biang Biang Noodles (油泼扯面)
Biang Biang noodles are one of Xi’an’s most iconic dishes. These are thick, hand-pulled noodles that are often compared to belts because of their length and width. The name "Biang" comes from the sound the dough makes when it is slapped onto the countertop. These noodles are typically served in a spicy sauce made from hot chili oil, soy sauce, vinegar, and garlic, often topped with vegetables and occasionally with bits of pork or beef.
The key to Biang Biang noodles is their chewy texture, which comes from the meticulous hand-pulling process. The dish's simplicity belies its deep flavors, making it a must-try for anyone visiting Xi'an. You can find Biang Biang noodles at street stalls, casual eateries, and even upscale restaurants, but the best places to enjoy them are in local noodle shops where the preparation of the dough is part of the performance.
Roujiamo (肉夹馍)
Often referred to as the "Chinese hamburger," Roujiamo is a beloved street food that consists of a flat, crispy bread stuffed with savory, slow-cooked meat. Traditionally, the meat is pork, stewed in a broth of over 20 spices until it is so tender it falls apart. In the Muslim Quarter, you’ll also find a halal version made with beef or lamb, flavored with cumin and chili.
Roujiamo is believed to have been around for over 2,000 years, making it possibly one of the oldest sandwiches in the world. The bread, called "mo," is baked in a clay or metal oven, giving it a unique crunch that contrasts beautifully with the juicy meat filling. Roujiamo is a versatile dish—you’ll find variations with different meats, and some modern versions even add greens, pickles, or a dash of hot sauce.
Yangrou Paomo (羊肉泡馍)
A signature dish in Xi'an, Yangrou Paomo is a hearty lamb stew served with crumbled flatbread. The dish is considered a staple in Shaanxi cuisine and is popular during the colder months because of its rich, warming properties.
To eat Yangrou Paomo, diners are given a piece of flatbread that they crumble into small pieces before handing it back to the kitchen, where it is soaked in a flavorful lamb or beef broth. The soup is then garnished with cilantro, chili paste, and pickled garlic, giving it layers of flavor. Paomo is incredibly filling, and you’ll find it available in many traditional restaurants throughout the city.
Dumplings (饺子宴)
Xi'an is famous for its dumpling banquets, which are elaborate feasts featuring dumplings of all shapes, sizes, and fillings. While dumplings are a common dish throughout China, Xi’an’s version stands out because of the variety and creativity in the fillings.
During a dumpling banquet, you’ll be served an array of dumplings filled with meats, vegetables, seafood, and even sweet ingredients. Some of the dumplings are shaped to look like animals or other objects, making the experience as much about presentation as it is about taste. This tradition dates back to the Tang Dynasty and has remained a popular choice for special occasions like weddings and holidays.
Qishan Noodles (岐山臊子面)
Qishan Noodles are a specialty of the Shaanxi province, known for their sour and spicy flavor. The noodles are served in a clear broth with minced meat (usually pork or beef), tofu, and a mixture of garlic, ginger, and chili oil.
The standout feature of Qishan noodles is the broth, which has a distinctive tangy flavor due to the use of vinegar and tomatoes. This dish is a favorite among locals and visitors alike and can be found in almost every noodle shop in Xi’an.
Crumbled Pancake in Lamb Soup (羊肉泡馍)
Similar to Yangrou Paomo but with a twist, this dish involves crumbled wheat pancakes soaked in a rich lamb broth. The pancakes are first baked to a crisp, then crumbled and added to the soup, creating a hearty, filling meal. The broth is often enhanced with spices like cumin and star anise, giving it a deep, savory flavor.
Crumbled pancake in lamb soup is a favorite in Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter, where it is typically made with halal ingredients. It’s a dish that truly represents the blending of Chinese and Middle Eastern culinary traditions.
Xi'an Cold Noodles (凉皮)
Cold noodles, or "Liangpi," are a refreshing dish, especially popular during the hot summer months. The noodles are made from wheat or rice flour and are served cold, topped with cucumber, bean sprouts, and a tangy sauce made from vinegar, garlic, sesame oil, and chili.
This dish has a unique chewy texture and is often served as a side dish or a snack. It is especially popular in the Muslim Quarter, where vendors sell it fresh from street carts.
Persian and Central Asian Influences
Xi'an’s position as the starting point of the Silk Road brought a significant Central Asian and Middle Eastern influence to its cuisine. In the Muslim Quarter, you’ll find numerous dishes that reflect this fusion of flavors, such as kebabs seasoned with cumin and other spices typically found in Persian cooking. The influence of Islam is also evident in the halal preparation methods used in many of the dishes, particularly those involving lamb or beef.
Skewers of grilled lamb, often dusted with cumin and chili powder, are a common sight in the streets of Xi'an. These kebabs, along with flatbreads, reflect the influence of Persian and Central Asian culinary traditions.
Where to Eat in Xi'an
Muslim Quarter: The most famous food street in Xi’an, the Muslim Quarter, is a vibrant area filled with street vendors, restaurants, and food carts selling everything from kebabs to dumplings. It’s an excellent place to try local specialties like Yangrou Paomo, Roujiamo, and Xi’an cold noodles.
Yongxingfang Food Street: This pedestrian-only street is another popular destination for food lovers. It offers a mix of traditional and modern Shaanxi dishes and is less crowded than the Muslim Quarter. You can try everything from Biang Biang noodles to desserts like sweet rice cakes.
De Fa Chang Dumpling Restaurant: If you want to experience a traditional dumpling banquet, this is one of the best places to go. Located near the Bell Tower, De Fa Chang offers a variety of dumplings that showcase the artistry of Xi’an’s chefs.
Jia San Soup Dumplings: Located in the heart of the Muslim Quarter, this restaurant is famous for its soup dumplings, which are filled with lamb or beef and a flavorful broth.
First Noodle Under the Sun: This popular restaurant chain is known for its giant bowls of noodles, including the famous Biang Biang noodles. It’s a great place to sample traditional Xi’an fare in a casual setting.
Conclusion
Xi'an’s food scene is a reflection of the city’s rich history and cultural diversity. From ancient dishes like Roujiamo and Biang Biang noodles to the Central Asian-inspired flavors found in the Muslim Quarter, Xi'an offers a culinary journey like no other. Whether you're a fan of street food or prefer a more refined dining experience, this city has something for everyone.
Exploring Xi'an through its food allows visitors to connect with its past while enjoying the unique flavors that define its present. So next time you find yourself in this historic city, be sure to indulge in the local cuisine—it’s an experience you won’t forget.
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